What is the relationship between celiac disease and tTG and MTG?

When celiac disease occurs, tissue transglutaminase (tTG) activity in intestinal epithelial cells increases, as confirmed by checking the production of tTG autoantibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)A). A strong connection has been indicated between occurrence of celiac disease and modification (deamidation) of wheat digesta by tTG.

Ajinomoto TG (MTG) is a microbially derived form of TG. Unlike endogenous tTG, no reported cases have suggested a direct connection between occurrence of celiac disease and ingestion of MTG.